其實香港古蹟制度是如何運行?🗿‍香港古物與古蹟架構/「古物及古蹟條例」於一九七六年實施，以確保香港最具價值的文物古蹟得到適當保護。古物諮詢委員會及古物古蹟辦事處於同年相繼成立。［圖3］古物古蹟辦事處的文物保育組由五個小組組成，分別負責考古、 歷史建築、教育及宣傳和技術及顧問，以及策劃及管理方面的工作職能，他們先為古物古蹟作考察研究，［圖4］再將其建議交給由二十一人組成的古物諮詢委員會作討論和決定「歷史建築」和「法定古蹟」，全員由特首委任，來自超過十個界別。決定「法定古蹟」後會提交給古物事務監督(發展局局長)，最後經特首同意藉憲報公告宣布法定古蹟，由古物古蹟辦事處執行其行政工作。‍The Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance was enforced in 1976 to ensure that the best examples of Hong Kong's monuments are under appropriate protection. In the same year, the Antiquities Advisory Board (AAB) and the Antiquities and Monuments Office (AMO) were established. [Pic3]In AMO, there is a Heritage Conservation Unit with five sections: archaeology, historical buildings, education and publicity, technical and advisory, planning and management. They first conduct research on antiquities and historic sites, and then submit their recommendations to the AAB, [Pic4]which is composed of 21 people for discussion and decision on "historical buildings" and "declared monuments”. All 21 members are all appointed by the chief executive and come from more than 10 industries and professions. After the decision is made, it will be submitted to the Antiquities Authority (Secretary for Development), and the Chief Executive will announce the official monuments through a gazette announcement, which will be implemented by the AMO.

你對唐樓的印象是甚麼? 🤔What is your impression of Tong Lau? 唐樓與洋樓/ 唐樓，唐樓我們就叫得多，你又知不知道唐樓為何叫做唐樓？其實香港的唐樓出現在1841年英國佔領香港之後。當時香港正值發展農業和漁業，並於太平山開始興建道路和樓房，這些作為華人聚居的建築被稱為唐樓；但又有另一個說法指出其實唐樓這個詞是在1880年代開始出現，唐樓作為在地契條款上與洋樓的區分。當時的洋樓只可以是單一住宅用途和單一住客或租客；而唐樓則可下鋪上居，亦可分拆出租。這也反映了當時兩種不同的社會階級水平，分拆作不同單位大小當然較受相對貧窮的人歡迎。而唐樓可分為四個階段的漸變。 鄰里之間/ 唐樓的出現與設計的改變都反映了當時香港社會的生活寫照，因空間的需求與西方文化的影響加入了「廣州式騎樓」和「藝術裝飾」的元素，唐樓成為香港其中一種最有代表性的建築風格。而因為唐樓容許隔格改動與沒有租客的上限，創造了居民們之間強烈的鄰里關係。各種生活模式微妙地相互重疊與交錯，當然日常生活多少也會嗌霎，但也創造了很多鄰里之間的交流與故事。 _____________________________________________ Tong Lau vs Yeung Lau/ You can find Tong Lau here and there in Hong Kong, but do you know the origin of the name “Tong Lau”? Tong Lau first existed in the period after the United Kingdom occupied Hong Kong in 1841, a time when fishery and agriculture were the primary industries, and people started to construct roads and houses on Victoria Peak. All the houses were built for the settlement of Chinese and thus named as “唐樓Tong Lau”, which is a direct translation from Cantonese as the meaning of Chinese occupied tenement house. However, there is another claim that the term Tong Lau was formed in the 1880s as the clear division between it and ‘’洋樓Yeung Lau‘’, the residential mansions that were usually occupied by Western. Yeung Lau was only allowed for one occupant in one unit and with a single function of residential use. While Tong Lau was allowed for more than one occupant in one unit, and with commercial use at the ground floor; residential use at the upper floor. It reflected the difference of two distinct social classes that the flexible partitioning of Tong Lau was more favourable to those who had financial difficulties to rent multiple shelters. There are a total of four generations of Tong Lau. Street Life/ The presence and evolution of Tong Lau is the reflection of stories of Hong Kong society at different periods.Influenced by the eastern culture of veranda and western culture of “Art Deco”, Tong Lau became one of the typical architectural styles in Hong Kong. Thanks to the flexibility of partitioning and the grant of unlimited tenants, it created the tenacious bonding between neighbours. Illustration by @donfo.lio

延期完工二十一年、連接旺角道與彌敦道的天橋終於完成，有網民笑說「羅馬鬥獸場只花了十年時間興建」，究竟一條只有一百米的天橋如何能夠拖足二十年？ 新自由主義: 政府將建造的基建責任轉向私人發展商/ 你應該會感到困惑，為何一條公共行人天橋會交由新鴻基去出資、設計和建造？首先讓我們先了解天橋背後的公共政策。新自由主義可以被理解為市場化傾向的公共政策，而在香港的體現有很多方式，以下是其中幾個: 1️⃣鼓勵發展商提供「私有化公共空間」[註1]，由政府提出給予發展商更多建造面積，換取所謂的「公共空間」。 斥資方：發展商 建造方：發展商 管理方：發展商 例子: 時代廣場、新城市廣場露天平台 2️⃣由政府與發展商磋商興建天橋、公共交通交匯處等基建，由發展商管理，並可獲額外建造面積。 斥資方：發展商 建造方：發展商 管理方：發展商 例子：中環天橋系統、裕民坊公共交通交匯處 3️⃣政府將公共建築項目以public-private partnership (公私營合作)方式向發展商招標，被稱為「社區工程」。 斥資方：發展商or 政府 建造方：發展商 管理方：發展商 or 政府 例子：西隧、星光大道 對政府的好處可能是：無需為基建承擔公共開支、日後的管理責任(視乎情況而定)、其他風險。並借助私人發展商的建造效率和質素提供足夠的基建供應。 市場化後的公共建築/ 回到旺角行人天橋，政府原意是想舒緩旺角街道人車爭路的問題，將整個天橋網絡交由新鴻基斥資建造，再交由政府管理。以他們持有的新世記廣場作為起點，連接到剛完成的旺角道段。天橋全程數分鐘路程，既方便了市民，發展商又可能換取到更多建造面積，吸引人流到商場裡。 公共建築原由政府興建，如工程延期，牽涉公帑，或需再經立法會審批，公眾尚存在監察權。即使由政府斥資再向私人發展商招標，或尚有周旋的空間。但今次整項工程由私人發展商斥資和建造，公眾無從中干預，而政府的角色是十分被動，亦更難以追究延期賠償，因延期只涉及工程費用脹價，不論政府或私人發展商興建也未必需要為延期作出保償。 「新自由主義」下的市場化公共政策，由基建到整個城市構劃發展，甚至建築保育像中環街市[註2]都有著深遠影響，下回再續！ 如有錯漏，敬請指正🙆🏻‍♂️ [註1] 私有公共空間 [註2] 港式保育後的中環街市 攝: 楊嘉朗(旺角天橋) 延伸閱讀: 1.Defying Disappearance: Cosmopolitan Public Spaces in Hong Kong, Lisa Law 2. Hong Kong: Neoliberal heaven or neoliberal nightmare?, Priscilla Roberts 3. 歷史解密：點解旺角行人天橋廿幾年都未起好？, 獨立新聞網

《我港 Kongcept》批鬥大會 2021 【4/8 建築與地方：如何分辨房署和房協的居屋? @kongcept852】 關於 #我港建築 #archi_kongcept 💬// 我港為你介紹一些穿插在這城市並記錄著香港的日常建築和充滿故事性的地方，藉着探索這些空間與我們的關係，尋找建築和地方的存在價值。// 如何分辨房協和房署的居屋？房協居屋具私樓的質素和設計實驗性 相信好多人發現有時經過發現很多特別的房屋設計，既不是私樓又不像倒模般的公屋，這很大機會是房協起的居屋！ 房協被稱為「房屋實驗室」，不是政府組織？/ 雖然大部居屋都是由政府的房屋署所興建，但其實有部份居屋是交由房協（香港房屋協會）去執行和管理。很多人誤以為房協是政府方，但其實他們是獨立的非牟利機構，獲政府以低於市價批出土地，興建過公屋(例如祖堯、乙明邨)和為數不少的居屋。房協一直擔當「房屋實驗室」的角色，發展及研究不同的房屋計劃。例如: 🌿香港首個環保房屋——茵怡花園 👴🏻長者房屋——樂頤居 🏗市區重建房屋——荷李活華庭 設會所、附送的家電和裝修、媲美私樓般——綠悠雅苑 房署居屋/房協居屋/公屋要如何分辨？/ 房署的居屋有與公屋相似的固定建築類型（近年因方便公居屋互換而趨向與公屋設計無異)，而房協的居屋則是千變萬化，既不用像私樓般按當時建築政策去抄盡容積率，或像公屋般為追趕效率而倒模式設計，可算難得地從香港房屋找到創意和人性化的考慮。 公屋以「邨」estate 命名，房署的居屋則根據英國council housing (英國的公共房屋)以「苑」court命名，而苑內的大廈則用「閣」House命名。而房協的居屋並沒有這個限制，過往有出現過「龍濤苑」、「祈德尊新邨」、「駿發花園」、「健康村」、「寶石大廈」、「綠悠雅苑」等等。相信大家要從名分辨房協居屋是有一定的難度😂。 #我港 #kongcept

其實香港古蹟制度是如何運行?🗿 香港古物與古蹟架構/ 「古物及古蹟條例」於一九七六年實施，以確保香港最具價值的文物古蹟得到適當保護。古物諮詢委員會及古物古蹟辦事處於同年相繼成立。［圖3］古物古蹟辦事處的文物保育組由五個小組組成，分別負責考古、 歷史建築、教育及宣傳和技術及顧問，以及策劃及管理方面的工作職能，他們先為古物古蹟作考察研究，［圖4］再將其建議交給由二十一人組成的古物諮詢委員會作討論和決定「歷史建築」和「法定古蹟」，全員由特首委任，來自超過十個界別。決定「法定古蹟」後會提交給古物事務監督(發展局局長)，最後經特首同意藉憲報公告宣布法定古蹟，由古物古蹟辦事處執行其行政工作。 The Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance was enforced in 1976 to ensure that the best examples of Hong Kong's monuments are under appropriate protection. In the same year, the Antiquities Advisory Board (AAB) and the Antiquities and Monuments Office (AMO) were established. [Pic3]In AMO, there is a Heritage Conservation Unit with five sections: archaeology, historical buildings, education and publicity, technical and advisory, planning and management. They first conduct research on antiquities and historic sites, and then submit their recommendations to the AAB, [Pic4]which is composed of 21 people for discussion and decision on "historical buildings" and "declared monuments”. All 21 members are all appointed by the chief executive and come from more than 10 industries and professions. After the decision is made, it will be submitted to the Antiquities Authority (Secretary for Development), and the Chief Executive will announce the official monuments through a gazette announcement, which will be implemented by the AMO. #我港 #kongcept #archi_kongcept #hkconservation

建築與地方🏘 現在經過屋邨商場你還會願意流連嗎？⛲️Gorgeous Mall or Neighbourhood Centre？ Illustration by: @donfo.lio 城市客廳/ 你還記得小時候在屋邨商場打發時間的回憶嗎？香港在50年代開始興建大量高層的公共房屋以應付大量的人口增長。以規劃角度來說，要在地面上建造足夠的社區空間去滿足幾座、幾十層居民是十分困難的。於是你便會發現許多公園、社福機構、廣場穿插於屋邨商場裡，成為了商場的一部份。與現今商場的建造目的不同，屋邨商場除了有快餐店、士多、雜貨店讓居民購物用餐，有著照顧社區的功能。同時，因為無需要達到龐大的商業價值和利潤，屋邨商場的設計十分多元化，令它變得不只是一個賺錢的盒子。 只有商業價值/ 但你會否發現這種模式的屋邨商場買少見少？因為03年時面對沙士導致經濟衰退，政府為了開源節流，將原先由房委會擁有和管理的屋邨商場出售給領展 (原名領匯)。以價高者得的商業原則下，較低利潤的士多、雜貨店搬走，一些高檔次及奢侈品的商舖隨之進駐，租金跟隨上調。通過翻新商場，以此為由加租，亦為了讓商場保持新鮮感，更會要求商戶每隔幾年調鋪一次。休憩空間的元素因沒有商業價值而相應被移取。的確，翻新了的商場設計觀感有了很大的改善，但卻失去了我們流連在此的原因。 Urban Living Room/ Recalling the fading memories of my childhood, estate shopping centres used to be one of my favourite places to wander around. In the 1950s, to support the rapid population growth, the government decided to build a large number of high-rise public housings. Some of the estate shopping centres are combined with parks, social welfare institutions and open plaza.The purposes of estate shopping centres are not only to provide restaurants and shops but more importantly, also to cater to the needs and desires of the local microcosm. Moreover, as commercial value is not the only concern, it is something more than just a profit-making machine which brings the design of an estate shopping centre has more opportunity and diversity. Commercial Purpose Only/ Unfortunately, the purpose of being a community centres is coming to an end. Before 2003, most of the estate shopping centres were initially being managed by the Housing Authority, the government has sold the majority of estate shopping centres to a real estate developer to recover recession from SARS, Under the principle of the highest bidder wins, with the rent increases accordingly, numerous small local shops and grocery stores are now replaced by high-profit luxury shops and all kinds of chain stores. Besides, some merchants are required to refurbish or relocate their shops every few years to maintain a fresh look. Eventually, commercial value has become the only priority, and the elements of being the open space are removed. They look better, but the purpose of staying is lost. #archi_kongcept #我港建築 #kongcept #我港