延期完工二十一年、連接旺角道與彌敦道的天橋終於完成，有網民笑說「羅馬鬥獸場只花了十年時間興建」，究竟一條只有一百米的天橋如何能夠拖足二十年？ 新自由主義: 政府將建造的基建責任轉向私人發展商/ 你應該會感到困惑，為何一條公共行人天橋會交由新鴻基去出資、設計和建造？首先讓我們先了解天橋背後的公共政策。新自由主義可以被理解為市場化傾向的公共政策，而在香港的體現有很多方式，以下是其中幾個: 1️⃣鼓勵發展商提供「私有化公共空間」[註1]，由政府提出給予發展商更多建造面積，換取所謂的「公共空間」。 斥資方：發展商 建造方：發展商 管理方：發展商 例子: 時代廣場、新城市廣場露天平台 2️⃣由政府與發展商磋商興建天橋、公共交通交匯處等基建，由發展商管理，並可獲額外建造面積。 斥資方：發展商 建造方：發展商 管理方：發展商 例子：中環天橋系統、裕民坊公共交通交匯處 3️⃣政府將公共建築項目以public-private partnership (公私營合作)方式向發展商招標，被稱為「社區工程」。 斥資方：發展商or 政府 建造方：發展商 管理方：發展商 or 政府 例子：西隧、星光大道 對政府的好處可能是：無需為基建承擔公共開支、日後的管理責任(視乎情況而定)、其他風險。並借助私人發展商的建造效率和質素提供足夠的基建供應。 市場化後的公共建築/ 回到旺角行人天橋，政府原意是想舒緩旺角街道人車爭路的問題，將整個天橋網絡交由新鴻基斥資建造，再交由政府管理。以他們持有的新世記廣場作為起點，連接到剛完成的旺角道段。天橋全程數分鐘路程，既方便了市民，發展商又可能換取到更多建造面積，吸引人流到商場裡。 公共建築原由政府興建，如工程延期，牽涉公帑，或需再經立法會審批，公眾尚存在監察權。即使由政府斥資再向私人發展商招標，或尚有周旋的空間。但今次整項工程由私人發展商斥資和建造，公眾無從中干預，而政府的角色是十分被動，亦更難以追究延期賠償，因延期只涉及工程費用脹價，不論政府或私人發展商興建也未必需要為延期作出保償。 「新自由主義」下的市場化公共政策，由基建到整個城市構劃發展，甚至建築保育像中環街市[註2]都有著深遠影響，下回再續！ 如有錯漏，敬請指正🙆🏻‍♂️ [註1] 私有公共空間 [註2] 港式保育後的中環街市 攝: 楊嘉朗(旺角天橋) 延伸閱讀: 1.Defying Disappearance: Cosmopolitan Public Spaces in Hong Kong, Lisa Law 2. Hong Kong: Neoliberal heaven or neoliberal nightmare?, Priscilla Roberts 3. 歷史解密：點解旺角行人天橋廿幾年都未起好？, 獨立新聞網

⛩中式亭園與現代主義的結合/ 樂華邨商場是單棟的商業建築，它通過懸挑的屋頂連接各個屋苑平台和公共空間。 由巴士總站出發，你的視線會先被屋頂上的鮮色圖案吸引， 這裏是老年人休息或居民等待巴士的地方。然後經過拱形走廊，一直到懸臂屋頂覆蓋著的公共空間，這裡的空間被分成兩部份，上半部份主要通往不同的屋苑，下半部份為綠化的休憩空間。 最後你可以隨意選擇從任何位置進入商業建築，並通過圍繞著建築的扶手梯或樓梯穿梭不同樓層。 建築的形態和顏色體現了樂華邨名稱的含義 - 「快樂中華」。建築師將中國亭園的形態以簡約的現代主義方式呈現，抽象地以桁架、垂直和水平的線條演繹。此外，中式元素貫穿了整個屋邨，由巴士站旁走道頂的紅黃橙色、商業建築的紅色地磚、再到屋苑的粉紅色外牆。 地區：觀塘 建造年份：1985 屋邨商場類型：庭院式 樓層：3 持有公司：領展 ⛩ Chinese Architecture in Modernist Translation/ Lok Wah Shopping Centre is a single commercial block linking various podiums and open spaces, with a cantilevered roof. The journey starts from the bus terminal; you will reach the first open space that is with a welcoming warm-coloured roof, it is where the elderly take a rest or wait for buses. Then the journey continues by passing through the arch-shaped corridor and down to the two-floors-split open spaces covered by the cantilevered roof. You can then enter the commercial block and circulate around through escalators or staircases. The architectural form and colours embody the meaning of the name ‘’ Lok Wah樂華’’, which means ‘’ joyful Chinese 快樂中華 ’’. The Chinese pavilion form is explicitly abstracted to a modernist translation of planes, angler trusses and columns. They are also coherent to the red floor tiles placed throughout the commercial block. District: Kwun Tong Year: 1985 Type: Courtyard Floor: 3 Ownership: Link Reit #我港 #kongcept #我港建築 #我港社區 #archi_kongcept #kongcept_community #樂華邨 #屋邨商場 #香港好きな人と繋がりたい

唐樓第二課! 有無發現你經常在九龍抬起頭來會發現轉角唐樓的蹤影？🏢 喘息空間/ 轉角唐樓泛指座落於兩條道路交界的唐樓，起源於1930年代。上回提到這年代的唐樓屬第三代的戰前產品，開始由建築師去設計。普通的唐樓牆身都緊近著另外兩側的唐樓，設計局限於面向街的外牆上花心思，但轉角唐樓則能夠運用轉角位伸展更大的臨街外牆，擁有僅餘的喘息空間去演變不一樣的變化。 發水蛋糕樓的那五年/ 轉角唐樓的出現源於19世紀中的條例規定，如樓宇的騎樓部份能作遮雨的公共用途則不計算為建築面積。作為精打細算的香港人當然“著數”拿最盡，樓宇跟著行人路的形狀走，於是出現了能為行人遮雨的弧形唐樓。第一代的轉角唐樓特色是它的騎樓多需以柱作支撐，這些大得誇張的騎樓又可以叫做「走馬騎樓」；第二代轉角唐樓出現在二戰後，因人口的膨脹，轉角唐樓的騎樓部份被僭建為室內空間，而當時政府是容忍的；第三代的轉角唐樓則建於1962到66年。因政府在1962提出修例以防止樓宇建得過大和高，但因修例改動太大而推遲到1966先推行。於是發展商紛紛趕著在這五年蓋最高最大的轉角唐樓。 The Breathing Space/ Do you know that corner Tong Lau is most common to be found in the Kowloon district?And it is a mixed-race of Hong Kongese and Belgian ? Corner Tong Lau, occurred in the 1930s, is regarded as the Tong Lau that was situated across two roads. The previous introduction of Tong Lau mentioned that they are the third generation of Tong Lau but were the first to be designed by architects. Ordinary Tong Lau sat side by side and limited the space for design efforts to be delivered, only on the façade facing the street. However, taking advantage of using a stretching façade crossing two roads, the variance could be found from the remaining breathing space. The Five Year of Cake-formed Tong Lau/ The emergence of corner tong lau originated in the mid-19th century regulations stipulating that if the extended part of a building can be served for public purposes as a shelter from rain, it was not counted as a built area. Of course, smart Hong Kong people did not miss out this chance to maximise their gain, they built an arc-shaped building contours extended along the footpath, formed the corner Tong Lau. The first-generation corner tong lau’s characteristic is the columns that need to be built to support the extended part. These exaggerated verandas could also be called " Horse-crossing Veranda "; the second-generation corner tong lau occurred due to the expansion of the population, the extension of the corner tong lau was illegally built as indoor spaces, tolerated by the government. The third-generation corner tong lau was built during 1962-66. The government proposed amendments in 1962 to prevent buildings from being built too large and tall, but delayed to be established until 1966.

你對唐樓的印象是甚麼? 🤔What is your impression of Tong Lau? 唐樓與洋樓/ 唐樓，唐樓我們就叫得多，你又知不知道唐樓為何叫做唐樓？其實香港的唐樓出現在1841年英國佔領香港之後。當時香港正值發展農業和漁業，並於太平山開始興建道路和樓房，這些作為華人聚居的建築被稱為唐樓；但又有另一個說法指出其實唐樓這個詞是在1880年代開始出現，唐樓作為在地契條款上與洋樓的區分。當時的洋樓只可以是單一住宅用途和單一住客或租客；而唐樓則可下鋪上居，亦可分拆出租。這也反映了當時兩種不同的社會階級水平，分拆作不同單位大小當然較受相對貧窮的人歡迎。而唐樓可分為四個階段的漸變。 鄰里之間/ 唐樓的出現與設計的改變都反映了當時香港社會的生活寫照，因空間的需求與西方文化的影響加入了「廣州式騎樓」和「藝術裝飾」的元素，唐樓成為香港其中一種最有代表性的建築風格。而因為唐樓容許隔格改動與沒有租客的上限，創造了居民們之間強烈的鄰里關係。各種生活模式微妙地相互重疊與交錯，當然日常生活多少也會嗌霎，但也創造了很多鄰里之間的交流與故事。 _____________________________________________ Tong Lau vs Yeung Lau/ You can find Tong Lau here and there in Hong Kong, but do you know the origin of the name “Tong Lau”? Tong Lau first existed in the period after the United Kingdom occupied Hong Kong in 1841, a time when fishery and agriculture were the primary industries, and people started to construct roads and houses on Victoria Peak. All the houses were built for the settlement of Chinese and thus named as “唐樓Tong Lau”, which is a direct translation from Cantonese as the meaning of Chinese occupied tenement house. However, there is another claim that the term Tong Lau was formed in the 1880s as the clear division between it and ‘’洋樓Yeung Lau‘’, the residential mansions that were usually occupied by Western. Yeung Lau was only allowed for one occupant in one unit and with a single function of residential use. While Tong Lau was allowed for more than one occupant in one unit, and with commercial use at the ground floor; residential use at the upper floor. It reflected the difference of two distinct social classes that the flexible partitioning of Tong Lau was more favourable to those who had financial difficulties to rent multiple shelters. There are a total of four generations of Tong Lau. Street Life/ The presence and evolution of Tong Lau is the reflection of stories of Hong Kong society at different periods.Influenced by the eastern culture of veranda and western culture of “Art Deco”, Tong Lau became one of the typical architectural styles in Hong Kong. Thanks to the flexibility of partitioning and the grant of unlimited tenants, it created the tenacious bonding between neighbours. Illustration by @donfo.lio

建築與地方🏘 現在經過屋邨商場你還會願意流連嗎？⛲️Gorgeous Mall or Neighbourhood Centre？ Illustration by: @donfo.lio 城市客廳/ 你還記得小時候在屋邨商場打發時間的回憶嗎？香港在50年代開始興建大量高層的公共房屋以應付大量的人口增長。以規劃角度來說，要在地面上建造足夠的社區空間去滿足幾座、幾十層居民是十分困難的。於是你便會發現許多公園、社福機構、廣場穿插於屋邨商場裡，成為了商場的一部份。與現今商場的建造目的不同，屋邨商場除了有快餐店、士多、雜貨店讓居民購物用餐，有著照顧社區的功能。同時，因為無需要達到龐大的商業價值和利潤，屋邨商場的設計十分多元化，令它變得不只是一個賺錢的盒子。 只有商業價值/ 但你會否發現這種模式的屋邨商場買少見少？因為03年時面對沙士導致經濟衰退，政府為了開源節流，將原先由房委會擁有和管理的屋邨商場出售給領展 (原名領匯)。以價高者得的商業原則下，較低利潤的士多、雜貨店搬走，一些高檔次及奢侈品的商舖隨之進駐，租金跟隨上調。通過翻新商場，以此為由加租，亦為了讓商場保持新鮮感，更會要求商戶每隔幾年調鋪一次。休憩空間的元素因沒有商業價值而相應被移取。的確，翻新了的商場設計觀感有了很大的改善，但卻失去了我們流連在此的原因。 Urban Living Room/ Recalling the fading memories of my childhood, estate shopping centres used to be one of my favourite places to wander around. In the 1950s, to support the rapid population growth, the government decided to build a large number of high-rise public housings. Some of the estate shopping centres are combined with parks, social welfare institutions and open plaza.The purposes of estate shopping centres are not only to provide restaurants and shops but more importantly, also to cater to the needs and desires of the local microcosm. Moreover, as commercial value is not the only concern, it is something more than just a profit-making machine which brings the design of an estate shopping centre has more opportunity and diversity. Commercial Purpose Only/ Unfortunately, the purpose of being a community centres is coming to an end. Before 2003, most of the estate shopping centres were initially being managed by the Housing Authority, the government has sold the majority of estate shopping centres to a real estate developer to recover recession from SARS, Under the principle of the highest bidder wins, with the rent increases accordingly, numerous small local shops and grocery stores are now replaced by high-profit luxury shops and all kinds of chain stores. Besides, some merchants are required to refurbish or relocate their shops every few years to maintain a fresh look. Eventually, commercial value has become the only priority, and the elements of being the open space are removed. They look better, but the purpose of staying is lost. #archi_kongcept #我港建築 #kongcept #我港

尖沙咀鐘樓迎來首鳴一百週紀念，你又知不知為何當初會在這裡興建鐘樓？ 其實這鐘樓原名為九廣鐵路鐘樓，鐘樓隔離本來是建於第一次世界大戰前的尖沙咀火車站(現址香港文化中心)。它其實是為該火車報時用的，除了日佔時段，它一直默默為火車站服務，一直到1950年因馬達零件問題而停止轉動。可惜的是以紅磚和花崗岩建成的火車站因紅磡搬遷計劃而清拆。當時的古蹟學會曾收集15000個簽名向英女王請願要求保留火車站建築，但最後郤是無疾而終。 今天的鐘樓只剩下象徵意義，火車站原有的幾條羅馬柱被移到市政局百週年紀念公園卻無人問津。今晚六點，鐘樓會再次響起，提醒我們，不要再讓自己珍重的事物消失。 The clock tower in Tsim Sha Tsui is celebrating its 100th anniversary. Do you know why the clock tower was built here in the first place? This clock tower was originally called the Kowloon-Canton Railway Clock Tower. The clock tower was originally built for the Tsim Sha Tsui Railway Station, before the First World War. The clock tower was actually used for the train's timekeeping. The service was stopped in 1950 due to a problem with motor parts. It is a pity that the railway station built of red brick and granite was demolished due to the Hung Hom relocation plan. At that time, the Antiquities Society collected 15,000 signatures and petitioned the Queen of England to keep the railway station building, but in the end it was nothing. Today’s clock tower only has symbolic meaning. The original Roman columns of the railway station were moved to the Centennial Park of the Municipal Council but no one cares about it. Tonight, at six o'clock, the clock tower will ring again, reminding us not to let the things we cherish disappear. #我港 #kongcept #香港文化 #hkculture #自己香港自己救 #ฮ่องกง #홍콩 #hongkonger #hkig #insidehongkong #hkculture #hongkongmoment #hkdaily #capturehongkong #尖沙咀鐘樓 #hkclocktower